{"id":5750,"date":"2022-08-31T12:33:25","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T04:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/?p=5750"},"modified":"2024-01-19T04:21:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T20:21:12","slug":"systemic-ageing-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/systemic-ageing-policies\/5750\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7d71\u8001\u9f61\u5316\u653f\u7b56 \u2013 \u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u7cfb\u7d71\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u61c9\u7528 Systemic Ageing Policies &#8211; a Global Probl\u00e9matique as an example for Systems Sciences and Systems Practice with Cybernetics and Ancient-Modern East-West Systems Thinking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    \n    <div class='SearchByTag-popup l_google_search=1\";'  onmouseover = 'popup_mouseenter();'  onmouseout = 'popup_mouseleave();'>\n        <div class='SearchByTag-popup-top'><\/div>\n        <div class='SearchByTag-popup-content'>\n            <ul>\n                                <li ><a class=\"sbt-google-search\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com?cx=partner-pub-9761369273396159:6077738498&ie=UTF-8&q=1\" target=\"_blank\">Search TagX on Google<\/a><\/li>\n                                                <li ><a class=\"sbt-wp-search\" href=\"1\" target=\"_blank\">View all posts tagged as Tagx<\/a><\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"last\"> <a class=\"sbt-wiki-search\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1\" target=\"_blank\">Find TagX related info in WikiPedia<\/a><\/li>\n                            <\/ul>    \n        <\/div>\n        <div class='SearchByTag-popup-bottom'><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<script type='text\/javascript'> var l_height = 3*43+46; jQuery(document).ready(function(){ie7_css_correct();});<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5750\" class=\"elementor elementor-5750 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-068802d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"068802d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7aa6d8c\" data-id=\"7aa6d8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a0919 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2a0919\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><\/h2><p align=\"CENTER\" style=\"font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Systemic Ageing Policies \n- a Global Probl\u00e9matique as an example for \nSystems Sciences and Systems Practice with \nCybernetics and Ancient-Modern East-West Systems Thinking\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">\n\u7cfb\u7d71\u8001\u9f61\u5316\u653f\u7b56\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">\u2013 \u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7684\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u7cfb\u7d71\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u61c9\u7528\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">ISSS2019 Conference Paper ID: 3956\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">by\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Yan HUANG \u9ec3\u708e\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Ancient Balance Medicine Education Ctr\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\">\u53e4\u4e2d\u91ab\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 30px;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: -0.02em\"><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15ac6cf\" data-id=\"15ac6cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a510986 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a510986\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0077c62\" data-id=\"0077c62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86840a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86840a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abstract<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Active and healthy aging has been studied by the World Health Organization (WHO) and governments worldwide. When we think about aging, it\u2019s important to understand that it\u2019s not a closed system, but rather an open one. This perspective helps us address problems like age discrimination, elder abuse, biases against different ideologies, social isolation, and other challenges faced by older adults.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To create a healthy society, we need to find the right balance between different parts of the system and explore the connections between aging and other systems. We should consider policies that support the dynamic interaction between different groups and the environment, allowing new systems to emerge and evolve. This paper compares two approaches: one that focuses on breaking down the issue into smaller parts and another that takes a holistic view.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">By bringing together wisdom from different perspectives and using strategies from systems thinking, we can tackle the challenges that arise from the different aspects of aging. This includes balancing the needs of the elderly and the youth, finding the right balance between retirement and the workforce, considering ethical perspectives on duties and rights, and blending ancient and modern cultures. We draw on concepts from Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Traditional Chinese Medicine.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">While our bodies may eventually fail with age, it is the responsibility of systems scientists to develop strategies that allow older adults to age gracefully and in a systemic way. Elderly healthcare should address not only physical health but also mental, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual well-being. Innovation occurs when new functional systems emerge, and it\u2019s important for stakeholders and observers to support these new connections between existing systems.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">By analyzing the whole problem from a systemic perspective, we can implement strategies that are more effective and align with the overall direction. We can also learn from existing strategies that have unintentionally taken a systemic approach. This proposal for active and healthy aging can be applied not only to the elderly themselves but also to organizations like the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS).<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Keywords<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Active and Healthy Aging, Ancient-Modern East-West systems thinking, Five-elements Society System EMSCE: Economics-Management-Social-Cultural-Environmental, Confucianism \u2013 Buddhism \u2013 Taoism \u2013 Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mentor-Successor Education System<\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92973d2\" data-id=\"92973d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb04ab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb04ab9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1905165\" data-id=\"1905165\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb01151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb01151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">1 | Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">As we journey through life, there is one inevitable path that we all share: the journey of aging. It\u2019s a journey that traverses time, where the experiences and memories of the past meet the possibilities and aspirations of the future. In this grand adventure, we can find guidance and inspiration from the wisdom of our ancestors, their ancient family structures, and societal values that have withstood the test of time.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Imagine a world where respect and care for our parents and elders are not just words, but deeply ingrained principles that shape our lives. Picture a society where the collective well-being of its members is cherished, and inter-generational connections are nurtured. This is the realm of ancient wisdom, where traditions like filial piety teach us the significance of honoring and supporting our loved ones as they age.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">But our journey through time has also brought us to a modern era, brimming with innovation and progress. In this fast-paced world, we have new tools and approaches at our disposal, ready to tackle the challenges of aging in ways unimaginable to our ancestors. It is a world where technology connects us, where knowledge is at our fingertips, and where the possibilities for positive change seem boundless.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The key lies in finding a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, between honoring the lessons of the past and embracing the potential of the future. We stand at a crossroads, where the ancient and the modern converge, offering us a unique opportunity to create a society that promotes active and healthy aging for all.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In this article, we embark on a journey that explores the richness of ancient wisdom and its relevance to our lives today. We delve into the time-honored practices of filial piety, recognizing the profound love and care we owe to our parents and elders. Through this lens, we gain insight into the importance of family bonds, inter-generational connections, and the value of collective well-being.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">But we don\u2019t stop there. We recognize the transformative power of modern innovation, as it opens doors to new possibilities in addressing the challenges of aging. We witness the rise of technologies like blockchain, which can ensure fairness and transparency in systems that support the elderly. We marvel at the potential of interconnected networks that foster collaboration and support, creating communities that transcend physical boundaries.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">At the heart of it all is the creation of a society that embraces change while cherishing timeless values. It is a society that understands that aging is not merely an individual experience but a collective journey. A society that recognizes the wisdom and contributions of older individuals and seeks to create an environment where they can thrive and flourish.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">As we unravel the intricacies of systemic aging, we invite you to join us on this quest. Together, let us explore the harmony between tradition and progress, between ancient wisdom and modern innovation. Let us discover the power of inter-generational connections, the potential of technology, and the transformative possibilities that lie ahead. Through our collective efforts, we can build a world where aging is celebrated, where individuals of all ages find purpose and fulfillment, and where the wisdom of the past shapes the promise of the future.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Now, let us embark on this extraordinary journey of discovery, where the timeless wisdom of our ancestors intertwines with the boundless potential of our modern world.<\/i><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u00a0<\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>A Systemic Approach<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Active and healthy ageing<\/i>\u00a0has been investigated by the World Health Organisation WHO and governments in many countries. Lately, Active Ageing has been again analysed systemically as a\u00a0<i>Global Probl\u00e9matique\u00a0<\/i>(SANKARAN 2<span lang=\"en-AU\">018)(CHROUST 2018)(WONG 2021c).<\/span>\u00a0If anything is an\u00a0<i>open system\u00a0<\/i>(Bertalanffy 1969), then the\u00a0<i>Elderly system\u00a0<\/i>could not be closed! Hence we need to investigate the possible and important connection between the Elderly system and other systems. A healthy society would require a\u00a0<i>dynamic balance\u00a0<\/i>among different sub-systems and the environment with careful tuning of the openness of the boundary to provide both\u00a0<i>freedom and stability<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">We would like to investigate the\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">possible solutions for the\u00a0<\/span>problems that have arisen from the reductionistic close system perspective, including age discrimination, elder abuse, capitalism biases against socialism, youth biases against elderly, social isolation, city migration, elderly rights vs youth duties, and such like.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Frequently suggested solutions so far include more government funding, more subsidies, more emphasis on elderly human rights, and such like. However, we wish to also investigate the more systemic perspectives and strategies that involve a shift of the\u00a0<i>dynamic balancing points\u00a0<\/i>among systems to improve the overall performance of the human society system. This would involve systemic wisdom from different\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">Special Integration Groups\u00a0<\/span>SIGs of some international societies such as\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">International Society for the Systems Sciences\u00a0<\/span>ISSS or International Federation for Systems Research IFSR. SIGs may include Action Research, Balancing Individualism and Collectivism, Systemic Approaches to Crises and Disasters, Health and Systems Thinking, Organizational Transformation and Social Change, Science, Spirituality and Systems Science, Systemic Ethics, Designing Educational Systems, Student SIG, and others. Systemic scientists from different SIGs could work together to address issues arising from the current balancing points of different\u00a0<i>Yin-Yang spectrums<\/i>. Such spectrums would involve two extreme opposite sides and all the possible balancing points in between. These sets of points would suit different situations of different problems. For example, playing different kinds of music (system) would require a different setting of the different spectrums on the equalizer. Playing the same music in different surroundings (Environment) would also\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">require<\/span>\u00a0different spectrum settings on the equalizer, as shown in exhibit 1.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0Tuning Equalizer for different music and the surrounding<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_11-.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_11-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1635\" height=\"891\"><\/a><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Yin-Yang spectrums included in the Active Ageing problem would be the\u00a0<i>elderly-youth spectrum\u00a0<\/i>in population system,\u00a0<i>retirement-workforce spectrum\u00a0<\/i>in society,\u00a0<i>duties-rights spectrum\u00a0<\/i>from the ethical perspective, and\u00a0<i>ancient-modern spectrum\u00a0<\/i>on culture establishment in societies.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Balance between\u00a0<i>super\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>systems\u00a0<\/i><\/span>and\u00a0<i>sub systems\u00a0<\/i>involving the whole local-national-regional-global structure forming the Levels-spectrum\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">as shown in exhibit 2,<\/span>\u00a0should also be considered. By comparing the common reductionistic probl\u00e9matique solutions with those of systemic probl\u00e9matique solutions, it would help\u00a0<i>decision makers\u00a0<\/i>to have a better understanding of systems sciences and systems practice.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0<i>Levels-spectrum<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_20-.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_20-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"986\" height=\"603\"><\/a><\/p><h3 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d8abfa\" data-id=\"6d8abfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-844ae1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"844ae1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af2be8f\" data-id=\"af2be8f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75bed64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75bed64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">2 | Ageing \u2013 A Global Probl\u00e9matique<\/span><\/h3><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ageing is unavoidable since the record of human history. While some animals such as lions dump their elderly into the environment, other animals such as monkeys look after their elderly and let them remain within the society system. Basic units of\u00a0<i>couple, family, race, neighbourhood<\/i>\u00a0were employed in the ancient times to look after the elderly. However, with societal value biased much more towards the freedom and privacy side and away from the stability and sharing side (<i>stability-freedom, sharing-privacy<\/i>), these basic group-units are gradually disintegrating, and hence the elderly becomes a new Probl\u00e9matique in modern city based society. Thus some new kinds of group units are required.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Many strategies and policies have been implemented in different countries. Understanding whether the strategies belong to reductionistic approaches or systemic approaches would help us improve our efficiency, efficacy and other similar goals.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee0fd\" data-id=\"f8ee0fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad529d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad529d0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30b6e49\" data-id=\"30b6e49\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44bb052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44bb052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">3 |\u00a0<\/span>Ageing Policies \u2013\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">A<\/span>\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">R<\/span>eductionistic\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">A<\/span>pproach 1+1=2<\/span><\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Different\u00a0<i>stakeholders-observers\u00a0<\/i>always try to gain more shares of the same cake because 1+1=2 at all times in their perspective. These stakeholders-observers support different perspectives and would usually try to maximize their shares through controlling each other. However, AIC systems theory (SMITH 2008) suggested that control, negotiation (influence) and adaptation (appreciation) should be employed depending on the situations. In this section we try to investigate the problem from five possible perspectives\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">as shown in exhibit 3<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0Five possible perspectives to investigate problems<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26-.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5739\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1717\" height=\"897\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26-.png 1717w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26--300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26--768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_26--1024x535.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1717px) 100vw, 1717px\"><\/a><\/p><h2 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">31 |\u00a0<\/span>Economical perspectives to\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">maximise<\/span>\u00a0profit<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The goal of these perspectives is to balance the\u00a0<i>budgets\u00a0<\/i>that would balance the interests of different groups of people.\u00a0<i>Money<\/i>,\u00a0<i>goods and services<\/i>,\u00a0<i>profit or loss\u00a0<\/i>would be the major considerations. Rich population would like to remain rich! If the elderly did not work hard enough to accumulate savings while young, they deserve no more! Information Technology innovations should be employed to increase efficiency and efficacy through the use of hardware, software and communication. Such perspectives alone would cause wealth inequality and this situation is getting worse as our world is currently heavily biased towards Capitalism. Maybe it is time to consider tuning the system back towards the Socialism side of the\u00a0<i>socialism-capitalism spectrum<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">32 |\u00a0<\/span>Political perspectives to\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">maximise<\/span>\u00a0re-election<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The goal of political perspectives is to retain power and control, and entice the stakeholders with fiscal and monetary policies. People in power naturally would like to remain powerful. They would please the elderly voters if their political situation remains influential.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">33 |\u00a0<\/span>Cultural perspectives to\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">maximise<\/span>\u00a0ethical values<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Constitutional<\/i>\u00a0dreams of a race, country, or planet would carefully define the cultural perspectives. Dreamers would like to keep their hope achievable. Brotherhood, neighbourhood, family relationship (elderly-youth relationship), couple relationship should be instated at all cost.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">34 |\u00a0<\/span>Environment perspective to\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">maximise<\/span>\u00a0the use of natural resources<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Land (unusable-usable), minerals (mixed-pure), Oxygen-pollution, food-rubbish, transportation-containment, Water pure-polluted, trees-waste, animals-death could be the spectrums of natural resources that are of concern to the environmentalist, who would like the environment to be\u00a0<i>sustainable\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>thriving<\/i>. Population and individual consumption should be minimized. Allocation of\u00a0<i>resources<\/i>\u00a0for the elderly should be kept low, for the sake of saving\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">resources\u00a0<\/span>for the next generation.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">35 |\u00a0<\/span>Society perspectives to maximise the stability of the country<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The main goal of the society perspectives is to stay together. Spectrums of\u00a0<i>freedom-stability, rights-duties, togetherness-separation\u00a0<\/i>are their main concern. They see the elderly as part of the society and hence should be well looked after.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">4<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0Reductionistic approaches with closed boundary \u2013 close system analysis<\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5762\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1569\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17-.png 1569w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17--300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17--768x272.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_17--1024x363.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1569px) 100vw, 1569px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Reductionistic approaches<\/i>\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">in modern sciences\u00a0<\/span>assume a totally closed boundary between the object of interest and the environment, while assuming totally open boundary for different sub-objects within the object of interest. As illustrated in Exhibit\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">4<\/span>, two waves are allowed to interact completely without boundary and would result in a new wave of interference. However the waves outside the\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">scope of the\u00a0<\/span>experiment are not allowed to input into the reductionistic analysis and nothing is allowed to export into the environment, while only the observer is allowed to observe the output.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Reductioistic governance tends to isolate the elderly as a separate part of the population to implement strategies. That is, to maintain a\u00a0<i>closed\u00a0<\/i><i>elderly\u00a0<\/i><i>system\u00a0<\/i>and supply resources such as money, human resources including administration personnel, social workers, warmth-food-shelter-transportation\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u8863\u98df\u4f4f\u884c<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, entertainment\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u5403\u559d\u73a9\u6a02<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, body-mind-spirit\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u8eab\u5fc3\u9748\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">healthcare with medicine-information-religion. Such policies would fulfilled the lower half of the\u00a0<i>Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><i>\u99ac\u65af\u6d1b\u9700\u6c42\u5c64\u6b21\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(MASLOW 1943)(ZUO 2018 p295), or the first few\u00a0<i>fetters of self-illusion<\/i>\u00a0in the teaching of Buddha (MAHATHERA 1982) (UBEYSEKARA 2018).<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Different modern\u00a0<i>Information Technologies\u00a0<\/i>with hardware, software, and communication systems would also be employed such as climate change strategies, smart city structure, robotics caring system and such like.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">A more neutral governance would try to find a balancing point between the interest of the different stakeholders-observers supporting these five proposed perspectives. Such an approach seems to include mostly known perspectives and hence is regarded as holistic thinking. However, we will show in the next section that there is much more in systems thinking. Systemic policies might also provide solutions for the upper half of the\u00a0<i>Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs<\/i>, or the last few\u00a0<i>fetters of self-illusion<\/i>\u00a0in the teaching of Buddha.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e83895\" data-id=\"1e83895\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-305709b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"305709b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-747a0b8\" data-id=\"747a0b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c8b28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7c8b28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">4 | Systemic Ageing \u2013 Systems Thinking and Systems Practice<\/span><\/h1><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The human body will fail eventually with ageing, but systems scientists have the responsibility of implementing systemic strategies that could help the elderly to fail gracefully and systemically. So the questions are: What is Systems thinking? What is Systems Sciences? How to do Systems Practice?<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">41 | System of Interest\u2013Boundary\u2013Environment \u2013\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">from Taichi Yin-Yang to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">13 elements structure<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>System of Interest\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">can be understood as the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>object of interest<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and in our case, the Elderly system. The common understanding of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">Environment<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\">could be forest, energy, air, water, and the planet Earth. In systems theory we usually understand\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">as the surroundings of the systems. In our case of Elderly system, the Environment could be the rest of the population and the common environment. (Uexk\u00fcll 2015) suggested how living beings perceive their environment(s) and argued that organisms experience life in terms of species-specific, spatio-temporal, \u2018self-in-world\u2019 subjective reference frames called Umwelt, being translated as surrounding-world, phenomenal world, self-world, environment. That is, the Environment should be classified\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>subjectively\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">according to the structure of the System of Interest, because the environment contains all the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>possibilities\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">for the system. The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Boundary<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0separates the System of Interest from the Environment. The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Interest\u2013Boundary\u2013Environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">form the basic structure in systems thinking as shown in Exhibit 5.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">A\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>close system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">analysis is the traditional\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>reductionistic approach\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">where the boundary is totally closed.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is the approach where the boundary is allowed to be opened, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems practice\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is largely about the tuning of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>openness of the boundary<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 5.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0System of Interest\u2013Boundary\u2013Environment structure<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5761\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1270\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52-.png 1270w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52--300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52--768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_07_52--1024x448.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1270px) 100vw, 1270px\"><\/a><\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems Thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is the study of the object in which you are interested, both internally and externally, but most importantly superficially on the boundary that differentiate the internal and external. In Chinese thinking, it is named as the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Taichi Yin-Yang\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">combo\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u592a\u6975\u9670\u967d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">corresponding to the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Boundary External-Internal\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">combo respectively (WONG 2007). The boundary could facilitate the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>input\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>output\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">for the object. Chinese thinking uses the concept of Five-elements\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u4e94\u884c\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">consisting\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Wood-Fire-Earth-Metal-Water\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to correspond to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Input-Facilitation-Internal-Output-External respectively<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. Note that the Five-elements\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u4e94\u884c\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">is not a one to one matching with the Indo-European Five-elements of Ether, Air, Fire, Water, Earth suggested by Ayurveda and Aristotle.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Internal systems thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is to observe the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>structure and function\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u6574\u9ad4\u9ad4\u7528\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>object of interest<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, its\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>parts<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0and their corresponding\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>properties\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u5c40\u90e8\u9ad4\u7528<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and most importantly on how the parts are\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>connected<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0together to achieve the structure-function of the system of interest. When the observation is studied through time, we name the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>changing object\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">as\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>System\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5206\u5408\uff1a\u9ad4\u7528<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">. The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Five-elements\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Wood-Fire-Earth-Metal-Water\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would correspond to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Parts-Connections-Structure-Function-Properties\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">respectively (WONG 2016a). Exhibit 6 tried to show the different concepts of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>holistic\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">between internal systems thinking and reductionistic thinking.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Connections between parts\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">are one of the main theme in systems thinking and different connections would cause different systems or structures to emerge. The R in DSRP systems theory refer to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Relationships\/connections\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(CABRERA 2018) and we divide them into\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>internal connections\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">within the system, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>external connections\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">with<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\">the environment.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Reductionistic thinking<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0would group the elderly (parts) as defined (properties) together and form the elderly group (object of interest) which would have some special function. This group represent the whole of elderly and need resources to maintain.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Internal systems thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">realize the importance of connections between individual elderly, and would allow new system (structure) to emerge. For example, connecting the junior elderly in their 60s with the senior elderly in their 80s together would allow the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>mutual elderly care systems\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>emerge<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, allowing the junior to take care of the senior within the elderly system. Internal systems thinking require the process of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>emergence\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to be holistic thinking.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 6.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0What is holistic? Internal systems thinking vs Reductionistic thinking<a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5760\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1547\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00-.png 1547w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00--300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00--768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_00--1024x479.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1547px) 100vw, 1547px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>External systems thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is to observe the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>resources<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0for the system which provide all the possibilities for the changes of the system. This would include all the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>possible parts, possible connections, possible structures, possible functions,\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>possible properties<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and would correspond to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Wood-Fire-Earth-Metal-Water<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0respectively in Five-elements theory (WONG\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">2016a)(WONG<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a02021), as shown in exhibit 7. Note that the input of new possible properties into the system would change the fundamental unit in the system and would hence create a totally new series or systems. When the fundamental units of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>couple, family, neighbourhood<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, race are falling apart in modern society, new fundamental units of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>individuals\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">caused new elderly systems to emerge, with different behaviour from those in the ancient times. That might be why in some theories the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>possible properties\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">are called possible possibilities, or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>uncertainty\/unknown\/unknowable<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0(SAUTOY 2017) or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Pluri<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>-verse\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(PALMER 2004). When the external observation is studied through time, we name the changing resources as\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Environment<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. We believe that the Environment should be as seen by the system subjectively and relatively, and be categorised relative to the categorisation of the System (UEXK\u00dcLL 2015), rather than being categorised objectively and absolutely, in reductionistic approaches.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 7.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0External systems thinking: Objective-Subjective spectrum<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_54-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_54-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1573\" height=\"829\"><\/a><\/h1><div><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>Superficial systems thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">is to observe the boundary that\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>facilitate\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>input\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>output\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">of the system, exchanging\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>Matter-information-Energy\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">with the environment. This facilitation would allow advantageous changes for the system and reduce disadvantageous changes. Hence the boundary could be a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>neural network\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">that can learn and adapt with time to evolve, as in the theories of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>Cybernetics<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">. The Five-elements of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>Wood-Fire-Earth-Metal-Water\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">would correspond to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>Input-Boundary-System-Output-Environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">respectively (WONG\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">2016a),<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00a0as shown in Exhibit 8.<\/span><\/div><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 8.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0Superficial systems thinking<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5741\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1573\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59-.png 1573w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59--300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59--768x405.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-06-13.doc-OpenOffice-Writer-2022-07-09-08_47_59--1024x540.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1573px) 100vw, 1573px\"><\/a><\/h1><div>\u00a0<\/div><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Chinese thinking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">uses the concept of Trinity of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Heaven-Human-Earth\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><i>\u5929\u5730\u4eba\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">to represent the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>External-Superficial-Internal\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u5916\u8868\u88cf<\/i><\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">respectively. If we use 3 levels to represent\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Environment-Boundary-System\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">as i+1, i, i-1 respectively, we would have the following as shown in exhibit 9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 9.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a03 levels of 5 elements in External-Superficial-Internal<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Heaven\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5929\u9053<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">level i+1:\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>\u00a0emerged from<br>possible parts, possible connections,<br>possible structures, possible functions,<br>possible properties<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Human\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u4eba\u9053\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">level i: Boundary differentiation cause<br><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Input-Boundary-System\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>-Output-Environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Earth\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5730\u9053\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">level i-1:\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>System\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>\u00a0emerged from<br>Parts-Connections-Structure-Function-Properties<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Therefore the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>13 Elements theory\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that emerged out of the process of Boundary differentiation is:\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Input-Boundary-Parts-Connections-Structure-Function-Properties -Output- possible parts- possible connections- possible structures- possible functions- possible properties.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(WONG 2016a)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems sciences\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">should be the study of using modern mathematics and other fields of science to rationalise systems thinking. However, some properties of the systems thinking exceed the fundamental principles of common sciences including\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>precision<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>repeatability<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and systems thinking is instead more related to controversial science like\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>chaos\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>fractals<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. We believe that systems thinking is so fundamental and highly abstracted so that a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>General Systems Theory\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">should be able to explain modern mathematics and sciences the other way around in further researches.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems practices\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">are the applications of systems thinking and systems sciences on real life problems. The process should help us formulate strategies that are more efficient and effective because this would enable more aspects and more systems to work together as a whole. Redundancy, bottlenecks and conflicts may be reduced with systems practices.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">42 | Systems Emergence 1+1=3\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">through boundary openness<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">When two systems find new connections between them, a new system would emerge with the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>support of stakeholders-observers<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, as shown in exhibit 10. New cakes are grown out of the old cake and we call this phenomenon\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>emergence\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in systems thinking, which could be related to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>blue ocean strategies\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(CHAN 2015)<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. At the same time on the other side of the boundary, a new subjective environment would also emerge relative to the emerged system, as shown in exhibit 8.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">For example, the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Elderly-youth system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would emerge when the boundary between them is opened and new connections are established. Below are the possible emerged systems and some of them are already in practice:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Nursing_Home-<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">Preschool\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">system (BROWN 2015)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Elderly Zoom tution or homework helping for children in Hong Kong<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Elderly act as field trip guidance for children<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\">in Hong Kong<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Retire<\/i><i>d<\/i><i>-workforce system<\/i>\u00a0would emerge when the boundary between them is opened and new connections are established. Below are the possible emerged system and some of them are already in practice:<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Elderly act as Tourist guiding in airport in Japan and Hong Kong.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Business organisations have supports from elderly consulting companies that only employ seniors over 80yrs old in Japan.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">10<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0Emerged systems with opened boundary<a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5767\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47-.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47--300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47--768x383.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_47--1024x511.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Government could act as\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>middle man\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to facilitate funding, management, insurance and such like for individuals or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Social Enterprise SE\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u793e\u6703\u4f01\u696d\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">(HKSAR 2022)<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\">that manage such emerged systems. On the other hand, the government should make sure the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>compliance\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of such cooperate so that they do not create\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>instability\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in the overall system. The next step could be the government act as the environment of the system and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>help the boundary<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0to establish compliance themselves rather than being controlled by the government all the time (ASHBY 2020). Differentiating a system with closed boundary would be beneficial for a group of stakeholders-observers to attain\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>power<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and hence\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>critical systems heuristics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">was developed to carefully guide such boundaries (MIDGLEY 2000)(REYNOLDS 2007).\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Boundary openness\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">allows new stakeholders-observers to form new systems that is at the same time having compliance implemented for the super-systems, and hence should facilitate the balance of power to some degree. Facilitating policies at the background is also one of the main themes of Wu Wai\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7121\u7232<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">in Taoism\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(LAOZI 590BC).\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Thinking outside the box\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is a way to\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>make a difference<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, boundary openness allow more systems to interact themselves and allow the corresponding\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>stakeholders-observers\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to think outside the box (boundary).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Such policies would provide higher meanings of life for the elderly and fulfilled the upper half of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(MASLOW 1943), or the last few\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>fetters of self-illusion<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0in the teaching of Buddha (MAHATHERA 1982) (UBEYSEKARA 2018). Even thought the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs and the ten fetters of self-illusion have similar structure, the underlining meanings are totally different. The former one refer to the concentration of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>organizational force\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">governed by the constrains of a system that drive the system into a particular\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>desired steady state\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">with a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>lower entropy\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">similar to the concept of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>You Wai\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u6709\u7232<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">, while the later one refer to the observation of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>disordering force\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">governed by the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>second law of thermodynamics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that drive everything into a equilibrium state with maximum entropy similar to the concept of Wu Wai\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7121\u70ba\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">(WONG 2013).\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>You Wai\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u6709\u7232\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Wu Wai\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u7121\u70ba\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">are the main themes in Taoism (LAOZI 590BC)<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Stakeholders-observers<\/i>\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">The emerged systems need supporters in order to be\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>sustainable<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>thrivable<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. The supporters that have involvements or shares in the emerged systems are called\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Stakeholders<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, while supporters that are only interested in the system and keep observing are called\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>observers<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0here. Therefore the Stakeholders-observers group should be held together by the governance through different kinds of policies so that the emerged system could be\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>self-organised\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>evolve\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">by themselves.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3><h3 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Mentor-Successor System<\/i> \u2013 Elderly-Youth system Emergence\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">The elderly-youth relationship should be a more mentor-successor relationship on different levels from family, organisation, country, and all the way to the whole world. Mentor-Successor System could help the Youth to keep\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>gaining the experience\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">from the Elderly. Such systems have already been in operation in\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners, lawyers, architects, and engineers<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. It would be of beneficial to the society if such systems can be extended to other fields of practice in a systemic way.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">44 | Dynamically Balancing\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">the Yin-Yang Spectrums \u2013 Cybernetics<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0for boundary openness tuning<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Should the boundary be\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>more open\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>more close<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">? How can we find the best\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>balancing point\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">for a good system? Here we introduce the concept of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yin-Yang Spectrum, Dynamic Balancing, Viable Systems Model VSM<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Cybernetics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to deal with these questions, as shown in exhibit 11. Open system allows\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>diversity\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">while close system can preserve\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>stability<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. Totally opened systems would be the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yin\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">side of the spectrum while totally closed systems would be the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yang\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">side of the spectrum. At a glance, the two sides seem to be opposite to each other, but together they form a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yin-Yang spectrum\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of all the possible combinations of open and close systems. For example, mathematically, in the middle is 50% open and 50% close in terms of space and\/or time.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Dynamic Balancing\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of the spectrum is the shifting of the current point on the Yin-Yang spectrum, so that from time to time the corresponding combination of Yin-Yang, Open-Close, will keep the system\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>alive<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">,\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>sustainable<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>thrivable<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Cybernetics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is the theory and practice that could tune the system to find the dynamic balancing point and hence could gain more of the advantages of both ends of the spectrum. Cybernetics has many definitions but we reckon the following are closer to our applications (UMPLEBY 1982):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><p align=\"LEFT\">\u201c<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Cybernetics as the art of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>steersmanship<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u201d \u2013 Ashby<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"LEFT\">\u201c<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">The science of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>control and communication\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in the animal and the machine\u201d \u2013 Norbert Wiener<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Ancient Chinese Systems Theory\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">employed a holistic approach to deal with problems. It used the concept of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Taichi<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0to represent the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>initiation\/distinction\/boundary<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, which will result in the formation of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yin and Yang\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to represent Environment and System (WONG 2008). The different possible ratio of Yin-Yang in a system will form a Yin-Yang spectrum. For example, a system of chair design (Taichi) would form the structure (Yin) and function (Yang) components. The different possible ratio between structure-function will form the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Cold-Hot spectrum<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Cold side\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of the spectrum represents a chair design with a lot of structure but very little function, for example, a solid big strong sphere for one person to sit on. While the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Hot side\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of the spectrum represents a chair with very little structure but a lot of functions, for example, a long chair for 10 persons to sit on but is made up of thin single thread copper wires. Both extreme sides are not a stable chair design and will not have many stakeholders-observers supporters. The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>extreme Yin\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is a complete waste of resource and the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>extreme Yang\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is a completely unsafe chair. Hence the goal is the find the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>dynamic balancing point\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in between the two extremes that is supported by the current stakeholders-observers (WONG 2018). A\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>COLD elderly-youth system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is when too many seniors and too few juniors are involved. A\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>HOT Nursing Home-Preschool system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would be too few seniors playing with too many children at the same time at one place or at many different places.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>re-balancing\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of these Yin-Yang spectrums require\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>financial support<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">,\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>policy support\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and different modern\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Information Technologies support<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. In the case of elderly-youth spectrum, strategies would include climate change strategies, smart city structure, robotics caring system and such like.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 11.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a03<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">rd<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0order cybernetic, Viable Systems Model VSM, 13 elements theory<a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5766\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1592\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56-.png 1592w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56--300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56--768x289.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_08_56--1024x385.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1592px) 100vw, 1592px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">The Yin-Yang spectrum arising from the formation of the boundary (Taichi) would be the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Close-Open spectrum<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0that represents the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>openness<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0of the boundary. Note that the boundary itself is also a system, namely\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Fire\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>\u00a0system<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. The regulation of the fire system in the boundary would require strategies starting from simple on\/off switch of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>1st order Cybernetics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to multiple algorithm in\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>2nd order Cybernetics<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. However, the governance does not take care of the interest of only one system, so the system would be also required to abide by the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>restrictions\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that are set by other systems in the environment and the super-systems above. For example, a company could operate in many ways it desires (2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">nd<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0order) but needs the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>compliance department\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to make sure it does not break the laws of the super-systems such as the government and community of different countries. (ASHBY 2020) suggests the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>3rd order cybernetics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to investigate the restriction of the environment and abide by them within the Fire\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">i<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0system, while the second order cybernetics investigates the possibilities for the system to maintain and evolve. The Fire\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">i<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0system could be a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>neural-network\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that keep learning form the input and output as shown in exhibit 12.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 12.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0The Fire\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">i<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0system with neural-network deciding the new\/old input-output filtering<br>by learning from the input-output through the input Wood<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">i<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0system and the output Metal\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">i<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0system<a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5765\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1790\" height=\"839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04-.png 1790w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04--300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04--768x360.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_04--1024x480.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1790px) 100vw, 1790px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5764\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1124\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14-.png 1124w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14--300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14--768x724.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_14--1024x966.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\"><\/a><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">A reductionistic approach to problems may only see one side of the spectrum and supporters would employ all their powers to push the society towards either ends, causing reductionistic conflict (WONG 2015c). For example, our rights have been over emphasised against duties and it is time to tune the dynamic balancing point between\u00a0<i>Individualism and Collectivism<\/i>, that is, to tune the Collectivism-Individualism s<span lang=\"en-AU\">pectrum and the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Duties-Rights spectrum<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. Systemic approaches would tune the systems and negotiate the dynamic balancing points on the spectrum so that the stakeholders-observers of interest could\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>survive together\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in the same society in\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>harmony<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. Investigations have been carried out to determine the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>possible Yin-Yang Spectrums\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that could arise from the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>differentiation<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0of Systems and the Environment (WONG 2019), and new spectrums seem to have emerged from the ratio between the 13 elements of Input-Boundary-Parts-Connections-Structure-Function-Properties -Output- possible parts- possible connections- possible structures- possible functions- possible properties. Examples of some possible spectrums are shown in exhibit 13.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Exhibit 13.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0Examples of Yin-Yang Spectrums<a href=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43-.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5763\" src=\"http:\/\/www.YinYangBalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1745\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43-.png 1745w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43--300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43--768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ISSS2022-HSS-Full-paper-3956-V3-Active-and-Healthy-Systemic-Ageing-2022-08-31.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Reader-32-bit-2023-12-26-03_09_43--1024x689.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1745px) 100vw, 1745px\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">45 | Ancient-modern Spectrum for Society Structures<\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Ancient family and society structures could serve as examples for reference for systemic change.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Confucius<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0classic<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u300a\u570d\u7210\u591c\u8a71\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">concluded that \u201cGreed is the worst of all unwholesome deeds, filial piety is the foremost among all wholesome deeds.\u201d (<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u842c\u60e1\u6deb\u70ba\u9996\uff0c\u767e\u5584\u5b5d\u70ba\u5148<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">). Another fundamental concept is that the parents should have unconditional love towards the children while the children should have filial piety towards the parents (<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7236\u6148\u5b50\u5b5d<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">).\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Buddhism<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0has a classics called \u015aukas\u016btra\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u300a\u4f5b\u70ba\u9996\u8fe6\u9577\u8005\u8aaa\u696d\u5831\u5dee\u5225\u7d93\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">that taught us the important merits of filial piety.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Taoism<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0classic DaoDeJing<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">18 said \u201cFilial piety and unconditional love arise when there are conflicts between family members and relatives.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u516d\u4eb2\u4e0d\u548c\u6709\u5b5d\u6148\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0said \u201cHaving an elderly at home is as if having a treasure.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5bb6\u6709\u4e00\u8001\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u5bf6\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u201c. The elderly is a living encyclopaedia with all the practical healthy daily-life knowledge on mental, emotional, physical, behavioural, and spiritual healthcare. The TCM education system emphasises on the mentor-successor relationship (<\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5e2b\u5f92\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">). Therefore the balance between the Yin-Yang spectrums of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>filial_piety-unconditional_love<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">,\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>mentor-successor\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">relationship, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>collectivism-individualism<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, may hold the key to the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>active and healthy systemic ageing\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">issue. Japan, South Korea, and China have been implementing these\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Ancient-Modern Society systems\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to deal with the ageing issue, and Systems thinking should provide a better understanding of the application and directions for tuning the Elderly system while achieving\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>harmony\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">for the whole society.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">46 | Freedom-Stability<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0spectrum\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">open more or close more.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">The downfall of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>ancient family\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and country structure of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>patriarchal society\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">was caused by the desire for change and freedom. And the desire arose from the long-term suppression of people due to the bias towards\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>bureaucracy<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. It is believed that the cause is not the failure of the Confucius system of the filial_piety-unconditional_love spectrum itself, but the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>abuse of the system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">by the stakeholders. The correction is not to destroy the ancient system or force the ancient system to totally reverse its bias towards the freedom side. By tuning the system from the stability side towards the freedom side through\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>negotiation\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">between the stakeholders could solve the problem. Such systemic negotiation methodologies had been investigated (SMITH 2009)(MIDGLEY 2020).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Opening up the boundary allows the emergence of new systems. But our society has a system that is too open and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>closing the boundary\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">may produce a better system for our Ageing probl\u00e9matique. The money system allows the free transfer of goods and services within a country and among countries. One of the conflicts in Ageing probl\u00e9matique is that rich people have a lot of high quality ageing goods and services while the poor only has little. If we close down the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>money system\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">so that the Ageing-credits that people gained while serving the elderly is non transferable, non liquidable but only donatable, then poor people can use their Ageing-credits for high quality ageing goods and services instead of using money. This could then reduce the conflicts that arise from wealth inequality relating to Ageing goods and services quality. European Union EU have already started using\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>caregiver credits<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0for recording elderly services, USA Social Security is refining the process (JANKOWSKI 2011), and China employed the concept of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Time Banking\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(CAHN 1992) for\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>mutual elderly care<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u4e92\u52a9\u517b\u8001\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">(YANG 2021). Some cities in China even employ\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>blockchain\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to implement time banking (LIAN 2022)(SHE 2022).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Individualism \u2013 Collectivism spectrum would be a super-spectrum including the Freedom-stability spectrum, the Duties-rights spectrum, and others. These issues are discussed in detail in the ISSS Individualism and Collectivism SIG (ISSS 2022).<\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">46 | Innovation \u2013 Maintenance\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">(Compliance)\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">spectrum \u2013 the choice of Newer or Older.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Innovation is the process that arises from the emergence of functional new systems with a particular structure supported by various observers who can realise the new connections between different existing sub-sytems (Klein &amp; WONG 2012). Supporters involvement is of utmost importance. Maybe the active and healthy systemic ageing issue also exists within ISSS. On 2022 01 08 SIG SAT meeting, the development direction of ISSS was discussed and the balancing point on the theoretical-practical spectrum was on focus. We suggested that even though we may not be able to influence the important governmental decision makers directly, it does not mean that we cannot perform a systemic analysis of a \u201cGlobal Probl\u00e9matique\u201d as an exercise for all the members of our society. Suggestions can then be made public or even published as a set of papers.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>innovation\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>process\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would involve suggestions of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>ideas\/concepts\/strategies\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">from different SIGs. Possible\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>connections<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0between these suggestions could then be investigated and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>new systemic suggestions\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">may emerge. With each emerged system, different\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>functions\/strategies\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would be realised by different\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>stakeholders-observers<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, hence completing the five elements birth cycle of systemic\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>design\/innovation<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0process.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">The\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>m<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>aintenance process\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">would involve the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>resources\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in the environment, the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>input process\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">of transferring such resources into matter-information-energy for the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>systems structure\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to maintain, in order to remain the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>pre-defined function\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">for the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>environment<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, hence completing the five-elements birth cycle of systemic maintenance process. That is, the innovation process tried to open up the boundaries for new systems to emerge while the maintenance process close down the boundaries for old systems to stay intact. Evaluating the dynamic balancing point<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">\u00a0between innovation and maintenance of existing elderly systems\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">is then required<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">47 | Distributed-Centralised Spectrum \u2013 where the power is<\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ancient society systems are mostly centralized with a hierarchy structure, while modern systems are getting more and more decentralized and distributed with structure such as networks. Instead of totally abandoning the centralised system, we may simply shift the dynamically balancing point from being centralised to becoming more distributed on the Distributed-Centralised spectrum. Blockchain seems to be able to incorporate the benefit of integrity in centralized system but at the same time distributing the integrity into the networks, so that everyone on the networks would have the same logbook for integrity. Even though blockchain can distribute the power and maintain the integrity at the same time, it cannot resolve the possible conflicts exist between parties nor stealing. Hence we still need some centralized system to support such distributed system. Again the distributed-centralised spectrum need to be balanced rather then totally biased towards one side. China is currently employing distributed blockchain for their\u00a0<i>Digital Currency Electronic Payment DCEP\u00a0<\/i>but at the same time maintain the centralized legal system and real identity of pocket owner to handle the disputes that could arise (BAYDAKOVA 2021).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a365a8\" data-id=\"9a365a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8ed411 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8ed411\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1771e2e\" data-id=\"1771e2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6fdc3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6fdc3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-size: 36px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">5 | Five-elements System\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-size: 36px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">Platform<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">It seems that a five-systems structure pattern is found in different systems at different levels. Would this pattern be a fractal structure? Where do such properties come from? Why does it keep coming up? Could it be related to the limitations of our observation ability, concepts distinction, thinking process, understanding, and practice? If such a universal pattern exists, then it would be related to the structure-function of our consciousness, and would hold the key to the understanding of knowledge, intelligence, and even wisdom. A platform to achieve\u00a0<i>unity in diversity<\/i>\u00a0is then possible for different General Systems Theories GST to communicate with and understand each other (WONG 2019a).\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">Unity is a close system and diversity is an open system, we believe unity in diversity is the way to achieve boundary openness.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">51 | Five-elements Healthcare System:\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">Physical-Mental-Emotional-Behavioural-Spiritual<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Healthcare is not only about the physical body but also involves Mental, Emotional, Behavioural, and Spiritual aspects, as suggested by the five-elements systemic healthcare system (WONG\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">2016b<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">), body-mind-spirit healthcare, and the physical-mental-social healthcare of World Health Organisation WHO (WHO\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">1948<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">). Considerations should not be confined to a western medicine\u2019s point of view but also from that of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda Medicine, Homeopathy, Vipassana meditation, religious groups, and others.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">52 | Five-elements Society\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">System EMSCE<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">: Economics-Management-Social-Cultural-Environmental<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The performance of the society or companies should not be assessed only from the economical and management perspective, but also from that of social, cultural (ethical),\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">and\u00a0<\/span>environmental.\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">We investigate these modern perspectives\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">and the ancient ones and proposed a\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Five-elements Society System EMSCE\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">that\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">include perspectives from Economics, Management, Social, Cultural, and Environmental, as shown in exhibit 3<\/span>. Other theories also consider similar perspectives such as<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Environmental, Social, and Governance ESG (Wikipedia 2022a),<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Economic, Social, and Environmental Performance (Libraries 2022)<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The Social And Cultural Environment (Pressbooks 2022)<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The impact of political, economic, socio-cultural, environmental and other external influences (HealthKnowledge 2022)<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Social, Cultural, Economic Impact Assessments: A Literature Review (TURNLEY 2017)<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Econosphere, Sociosphere, and the Ecosphere (FRIEND 2016)<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">53 | Five-elements and Trinity \u2013 13 elements<\/span><\/span><\/h2><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">It is believed that the three levels of five elements, forming the 13 elements structure with 2 emerged systems, could be applied to different disciplines in modern societies (WONG 2016a) and in ancient societies with eastern Confucianism-Buddhism-Taoism-TCM theories (WONG 2121b) and western Tree of life theory (WONG 2018).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5483abe\" data-id=\"5483abe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c53ae9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c53ae9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9048b8f\" data-id=\"9048b8f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d4dac7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d4dac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">6 | Conclusion<\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In the tapestry of life, where the threads of our existence intertwine, we find ourselves at the culmination of our exploration into the realm of systemic aging. As we reflect on the wisdom of the past and the possibilities of the future, we stand at the precipice of a transformative vision that embraces the fullness of human experience.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Through the lens of ancient wisdom, we have rediscovered the profound significance of filial piety and the inherent value of honoring and supporting our parents and elders. These timeless practices remind us of the strength and beauty that can be found in family bonds, intergenerational connections, and the collective well-being of our communities.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Yet, as we gaze toward the horizon, we are also compelled to embrace the wonders of modern innovation. The rapid advancement of technology has bestowed upon us tools and systems capable of transcending boundaries, fostering collaboration, and ensuring fairness. Blockchain technology, with its potential for transparency and accountability, offers us a glimpse into a future where the support systems for the elderly are built upon trust and equity.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The convergence of tradition and progress, of ancient wisdom and modern innovation, holds the key to creating a society that cherishes and celebrates the journey of aging. It is a society that recognizes the inherent worth and contributions of older individuals, where their wisdom and life experiences are valued as treasures to be shared.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In this society, the concept of aging undergoes a profound transformation. It is no longer seen as a time of decline, but rather as an opportunity for continued growth, learning, and fulfillment. Age becomes a badge of honor, a testament to a life well-lived, and a source of inspiration for future generations.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To build such a society, we must foster intergenerational connections, where the young learn from the old and the old are rejuvenated by the energy and enthusiasm of the young. We must embrace the potential of technology, leveraging its power to create inclusive communities that transcend physical limitations and ensure that no one is left behind.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">But above all, we must embrace the essence of systemic thinking. By recognizing the interconnectedness of various factors in the aging process, we can develop comprehensive solutions that address the root causes of age-related challenges. It is through this holistic approach that we can create sustainable change, empowering individuals and communities to thrive in harmony.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">As we conclude this insightful journey, let us carry the torch of systemic aging forward. Let us walk hand in hand, drawing inspiration from the wisdom of our ancestors while harnessing the transformative potential of our modern world. Together, let us forge a society that values, supports, and celebrates the diverse experiences and contributions of individuals of all ages.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In this vision, aging becomes a tapestry woven with resilience, purpose, and joy. It is a testament to the human spirit, a testament to the strength of intergenerational bonds, and a testament to our collective commitment to a future where every stage of life is cherished and embraced.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u00a0<\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Now, as we take our leave from this exploration, may this newfound understanding guide our actions and illuminate our path. Let us go forth with compassion, empathy, and a deep appreciation for the intricacies of systemic aging. Together, let us create a world where the beauty of aging flourishes, connecting generations and uplifting humanity as we ascend to new heights of collective well-being and fulfillment.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Technically, by comparing analyses and solutions arising from the\u00a0<i>reductionistic approach\u00a0<\/i>and those from the\u00a0<i>systemic\u00a0<\/i><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>approach<\/i><\/span>, we hope to provide alternative holistic perspectives for the same probl\u00e9matique. The systemic approach seems to provide more dynamic and viable solutions that are more flexible and feasible, with the ability of\u00a0<i>self-organizing\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>self-evolving<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Starting from the basics of systems thinking, it seems we are able to branch out into different fields of systems sciences and systems practices,\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">and make connections among them and understand them with a particular set of perspectives<\/span>. Therefore\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">we believe that\u00a0<\/span><i>unity in diversity\u00a0<\/i>is possible in\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>general\u00a0<\/i><\/span><i>systems theories<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The\u00a0<i>five-elements systems theory\u00a0<\/i>could be used as a platform for different systems theories to communicate and understand each other more deeply and easily. Further work would be to encourage other systems scientists to establish other platforms from their systems science<span lang=\"en-AU\">s<\/span>\u00a0perspectives.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bde8292\" data-id=\"bde8292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bacad2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4bacad2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e090633\" data-id=\"e090633\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df30d84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df30d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">7 | Recommendations<\/span><\/h1><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Here are the proposed steps to follow and start systems practices:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Identify the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Systems of Interest<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, their\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>corresponding Environment<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, and the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>superficial Boundary<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Allow different\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>internal connections\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">between the parts to be established for the internal system to evolve.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Tune the boundary openness to allow\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>external connections\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">with the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>external environment\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to be established and new Systems to emerge.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">For the current old and new systems already exist, try to identify the above first 3 steps.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Allow the stakeholders-observers, being the decision makers at the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>superficial system,\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">to implement strategies and policies for the new systems to evolve. Strategies could include 1st and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>2nd order Cybernetics\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">or the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>operation levels\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in Viable System Model VSM.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Help the stakeholders-observers establish\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>compliance\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">with the environment in the form of\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>3rd order Cybernetics<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">, or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>management levels\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">in VSM. DSRP systems thinking (Cabrera 2018) and Relational-theroy (KINEMAN 2013) also have similar structure (WONG 2016a).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Implement educational or promotional strategies to let more\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>stakeholders-observers\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">understand the benefit of the new systems and hence strengthen the supports of emerged systems.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Resolve the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>reductionistic conflicts\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">between the opposite sides of the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Yin-Yang spectrums\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">by helping them to understand, respect, or even love each other, and negotiate the new\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>dynamic balancing point\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">on the Yin-Yang spectrums. Systemic strategies such as 13-elements systems theory, AIC model (SMITH 2009) or Boundary Critic (MIDGLEY 2000) could be employed to deal with these boundary problems.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p lang=\"zh-CN\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">Keep the data mining, analysis, emergence, practice and feedback cycle going so that the systems practices will keep evolving in a sustainable and thrivable manner.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #7a7a7a; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px;\">.<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c11a63\" data-id=\"3c11a63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d271206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d271206\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8fae97\" data-id=\"c8fae97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc6c3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cc6c3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">8 |\u00a0<\/span>Acknowledgements<\/span><\/span><\/h1><p class=\"cjk\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Supporting Agencies: Ancient Balance Medicine Research and Education Fund Foundation Ltd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u53e4\u4e2d\u91ab\u79d1\u7814\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u6703<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">; Citizen of Macau SAR of China\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u570b\u6fb3\u9580\u5e02\u6c11<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ba2355\" data-id=\"2ba2355\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d70c7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d70c7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63028b3\" data-id=\"63028b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-846b226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"846b226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"cjk\" style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">9 | References<\/span><\/h1><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">ASHBY, M.\u00a0<span lang=\"en-AU\">(2020).\u00a0<\/span>Ethical Regulators and Super-Ethical Systems.\u00a0<i>Systems\u00a0<\/i>2020, 8, 53.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems8040053\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems8040053<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u00a0;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"http:\/\/ashby.de\/\">http:\/\/ashby.de\/<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Bertalanffy, Ludwig. 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ISSS.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/environment_n_system\/4418\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/environment_n_system\/4418\/<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">WONG, T S L; HUANG, Yan\u00a0<\/span>\u9ec3\u708e<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">. (2021b) The complexity and directions of Ancient-Modern East-West systems thinkings\u00a0<\/span>\u63a2\u8a0e\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u897f\u7cfb\u7d71\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u8907\u5408\u6027\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u6027<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">. [Workshop].\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Proceedings of the 65th Annual Meeting of the ISSS. Online<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. ISSS.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/isss2021_pre-conference-workshop-complexity-n-directions-of-ancient-modern-east-west-systems-thinkings\/4415\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/isss2021_pre-conference-workshop-complexity-n-directions-of-ancient-modern-east-west-systems-thinkings\/4415\/<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">WONG, T S L; HUANG, Yan\u00a0<\/span>\u9ec3\u708e<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">. (2021c) Active and Healthy Systemic Ageing \u2013 how to fail gracefully systemically\u00a0<\/span>\u6d3b\u8e8d\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u8001\u9f61\u5316 \u2013 \u600e\u6a23\u512a\u96c5\u5730\u8870\u6557<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">. [Workshop].\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\"><i>Proceedings of the 65th Annual Meeting of the ISSS. Online<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-AU\">. ISSS.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/active-and-healthy-systemic-ageing\/4462\/\"><span lang=\"en-AU\">https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/active-and-healthy-systemic-ageing\/4462\/<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">YANG<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u6768\u5f66\u5e06\u3001\u674e\u854a\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">(2021). Many cities investigate Time Banking module for promoting mutual elderly care services\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u591a\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u94f6\u884c\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5021\u5bfc\u4e92\u52a9\u517b\u8001\u670d\u52a1<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">.\u00a0<i>CHAINDAILY.\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/mbd.baidu.com\/newspage\/data\/landingsuper?third=baijiahao&amp;baijiahao_id=1720369514170970915&amp;wfr=spider&amp;c_source=kunlun&amp;p_tk=2997AnBwp63OReu6ReN1GC31NBm%2FbaFw8eku641EzkfwPMe49vNOUm0xJSLnG5QZIh2tlE6mFcxhqn4JHkZp2mgk2DXk9KYhSUuTxCH5zB8vgjDsXi%2BJ7WSLMch1Y50ljHpr&amp;p_timestamp=1654971077&amp;p_sign=f3872d64d10c6000ba42d652e82d55c6&amp;p_signature=3091eff737375882bbd8bb903e7d1d43&amp;__pc2ps_ab=2997AnBwp63OReu6ReN1GC31NBm%2FbaFw8eku641EzkfwPMe49vNOUm0xJSLnG5QZIh2tlE6mFcxhqn4JHkZp2mgk2DXk9KYhSUuTxCH5zB8vgjDsXi%2BJ7WSLMch1Y50ljHpr\"><i>https:\/\/mbd.baidu.com\/newspage\/data\/landingsuper?third=baijiahao&amp;baijiahao_id=1720369514170970915&amp;wfr=spider&amp;c_source=kunlun&amp;p_tk=2997AnBwp63OReu6ReN1GC31NBm%2FbaFw8eku641EzkfwPMe49vNOUm0xJSLnG5QZIh2tlE6mFcxhqn4JHkZp2mgk2DXk9KYhSUuTxCH5zB8vgjDsXi%2BJ7WSLMch1Y50ljHpr&amp;p_timestamp=1654971077&amp;p_sign=f3872d64d10c6000ba42d652e82d55c6&amp;p_signature=3091eff737375882bbd8bb903e7d1d43&amp;__pc2ps_ab=2997AnBwp63OReu6ReN1GC31NBm%2FbaFw8eku641EzkfwPMe49vNOUm0xJSLnG5QZIh2tlE6mFcxhqn4JHkZp2mgk2DXk9KYhSUuTxCH5zB8vgjDsXi%2BJ7WSLMch1Y50ljHpr<\/i><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><i>|1654971077|3091eff737375882bbd8bb903e7d1d43|f3872d64d10c6000ba42d652e82d55c6<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">ZUO MeiYun\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5de6\u7f8e\u4e91<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. (2018). Intelligent Caring for the Elderly: Connotation and Pattern\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\"><i>\u667a\u6167\u517b\u8001\uff1a\u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Tsinghua University publishing house co., ltd<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">ISBN<span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">9787302509080.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">pp286 Ch9.5 Intelligent Caring for the Elderly and Blockchain Elderly Care 9.5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u667a\u6167\u517b\u8001\u4e0e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u517b\u8001<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\">pp\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">286<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%85%BB%E8%80%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%85%E6%B6%B5%E4%B8%8E%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%85%BB%E8%80%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%85%E6%B6%B5%E4%B8%8E%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b820b01\" data-id=\"b820b01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Systemic Ageing Policies \u2013 a Global Probl\u00e9matique as an example for Systems Sciences and Systems Practice with Cybernetics and Ancient-Modern&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[337,339,877,338,7,8],"tags":[730,720,827,709,556,917,511,994,369,991,509,993,992,638],"class_list":["post-5750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books-of-wisdom-","category-conferences-","category-featured-now-","category-papers-","category--human-decision-maker","category--taichi---differentiation-concept-cr","tag-active-and-healthy-aging-","tag-ancient-modern-east-west-systems-thinkings-","tag-complex-systems-sciences-and-modelling-","tag-confucianism-buddhism-taoism-traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm-","tag-cybernetics-","tag-elderly-","tag-five-aggregates-systems-of-human-mind-","tag-five-elements-society-system-emsce--economics-management-social-cultural-environmental---","tag-general-systems-theory-gst-","tag-global-problematique-","tag-mentor-successor-education-system-","tag-stakeholders-observers--","tag-systems-practice-","tag-world-health-organization-who-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5750"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5783,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5750\/revisions\/5783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yinyangbalance.asia\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}